这篇文章主要介绍“Docker的简介与安装步骤”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Docker的简介与安装步骤问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”Docker的简介与安装步骤”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
Docker:
Docker支持将软件编译成一个镜像,然后再镜像中把各种软件做好配置,将镜像发布出去,其他使用者可以直接使用这个镜像。运行中的这个镜像称为容器,容器启动时非常快速的。
应用场景:
Docker Client:
Docker是C/S架构,客户端向守护进程发送请求,守护进程处理并返回给客户端。
Docker Daemon:
Dcoekr Daemon为守护进程,后台运行,默认情况下,Docker Daemon只响应本地host的客户端请求,可以通过设置允许远程客户端请求。
Dcoker Image:
Docker Container:
容器基于镜像来启动,可运行一个或多个应用。
Docker每个容器都是互相隔离的,保证安全。
Docker Registry:
仓库是集中存放镜像的场所,类似于git代码仓库等。
仓库和仓库注册服务区是有区别的。仓库注册服务器一般存放多个仓库,每个仓库又存放多个镜像,每个镜像又不同的标签。
仓库分为公有仓库和私有仓库。
最大的公有库为Docker Hub,国内有阿里云,daocloud等。
安装:
Docker官网:docs.docker.com
阿里云镜像站:mirrors.aliyun.com
gpgkey:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpgbaseurl:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-fasttrack.repo
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# vim Ali-docker.repo
[Aliyun_docker]
name=aliyun.com_docker
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# yum -y install docker-ce
[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.3
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.12.10
Git commit: a872fc2f86
Built: Tue Oct 8 00:58:10 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.3
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.12.10
Git commit: a872fc2f86
Built: Tue Oct 8 00:56:46 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.6
GitCommit: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc8
GitCommit: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
镜像加速:
Docker国内镜像站:daocloud.io
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
docker version >= 1.12
{"registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"]}
Success.
You need to restart docker to take effect: sudo systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 19.03.3
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb
runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 3.686GiB
Name: localhost
ID: KBZD:H3B4:ZFHE:KSPT:6IWI:QEVA:AFJV:EUR3:OJEB:HVJI:R5GW:GEZC
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ #Registry已经改变为daocloud。
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io/
Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json #可以通过这个文件来修改镜像源。
{"registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"]}
下载镜像:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
Image docker.io/library/httpd:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
b8f262c62ec6: Pull complete
2c31b9311798: Pull complete
7422a3cdf4e3: Pull complete
1919d4fbf9e1: Pull complete
60812fa1ab4c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:729508026fba8e00c15e2770f9eed52706b4065b68f29e4871222e22c3725bb7
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
Image docker.io/library/centos:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
729ec3a6ada3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:72942f390a71a1ecdebd4151c9bc4ff186fe8e480adcd7ddec84427118785482
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
Image docker.io/library/busybox:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
7c9d20b9b6cd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:be38efcd3a8289ff66e60c5652beed36968eeb856ae5d90f3cf02ea81e4a57da
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
docker.io/library/busybox:latest
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull ubuntu
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
Image docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
5667fdb72017: Pull complete
d83811f270d5: Pull complete
ee671aafb583: Pull complete
7fc152dfb3a6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ae7933206172662ff785dbf595a6f09e9d43858fa865725a9c51c589ed482901
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull registry:2
2: Pulling from library/registry
Image docker.io/library/registry:2 uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
c87736221ed0: Pull complete
1cc8e0bb44df: Pull complete
54d33bcb37f5: Pull complete
e8afc091c171: Pull complete
b4541f6d3db6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b224aa2d9a6397e9102b0b887a3e92496eadd76872efb7595bed97f9b76d2056
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry:2
docker.io/library/registry:2
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull progrium/consul
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from progrium/consul
Image docker.io/progrium/consul:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
c862d82a67a2: Pull complete
0e7f3c08384e: Pull complete
0e221e32327a: Pull complete
09a952464e47: Pull complete
60a1b927414d: Pull complete
4c9f46b5ccce: Pull complete
417d86672aa4: Pull complete
b0d47ad24447: Pull complete
fd5300bd53f0: Pull complete
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete
d023b445076e: Pull complete
ba8851f89e33: Pull complete
5d1cefca2a28: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8cc8023462905929df9a79ff67ee435a36848ce7a10f18d6d0faba9306b97274
Status: Downloaded newer image for progrium/consul:latest
docker.io/progrium/consul:latest
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull progrium/stress
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from progrium/stress
Image docker.io/progrium/stress:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete
871c32dbbb53: Pull complete
dbe7819a64dd: Pull complete
d14088925c6e: Pull complete
58026d51efe4: Pull complete
7d04a4fe1405: Pull complete
1775fca35fb6: Pull complete
5c319e267908: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e34d56d60f5caae79333cee395aae93b74791d50e3841986420d23c2ee4697bf
Status: Downloaded newer image for progrium/stress:latest
docker.io/progrium/stress:latest
Docker进程监听:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// -H tcp://0.0.0.0 --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock #添加:-H tcp://0.0.0.0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart docker
docker远程操作:
被连接端:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# netstat -anput | grep docker
tcp6 0 0 :::2375 :::* LISTEN 7211/dockerd
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# iptables -F #需要放行2375端口。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# iptables-save
主动连接端:
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
[root@localhost ~]# docker -H 被连接端ip options
到此,关于“Docker的简介与安装步骤”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习,快去试试吧!若想继续学习更多相关知识,请继续关注天达云网站,小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章!