怎么在Ubuntu16单节点上安装OpenStack-云计算-互联网-天达云

怎么在Ubuntu16单节点上安装OpenStack
更新：HHH 时间：2023-1-7

本篇内容主要讲解“怎么在Ubuntu16单节点上安装OpenStack”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“怎么在Ubuntu16单节点上安装OpenStack”吧!

软件包安装和基本配置

参考文档：

“OpenStack Installation Tutorial for Ubuntu”

基本网络配置

配置IP地址：

ipaddr  : 192.168.195.160
netmask : 255.255.255.0
gateway : 192.168.195.2
dns     : 114.114.114.114

配置主机名：

$ vi /etc/hostname
UbuntuStack

配置本机DNS解析：

$ vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 ubuntustack

配置网卡：

$ vi /etc/network/interfaces
# The provider network interface
auto ens33
iface ens33 inet manual
up ip link set dev $IFACE up
down ip link set dev $IFACE down

安装和配置NTP服务

安装chrony服务：

$ apt-get install chrony

配置NTP服务器地址，这里选择NTP在亚洲的服务器，且允许所有“192.168/16”网段从这里获取NTP服务。

$ vi /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
server 0.asia.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.asia.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org iburst
allow 192.168/16

重启chrony服务：

$ service chrony restart

验证NTP服务，带有“*”的说明最近进行过同步。

$ chronyc sources
210 Number of sources = 10
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^- 27.114.150.12                 2   6    35     9   +104ms[ +104ms] +/-  336ms
^- x.ns.gin.ntt.net              2   6    33     8    -44ms[  -44ms] +/-  209ms
^- ntp.tums.ac.ir                3   6   123     3   +577us[ +577us] +/-  410ms
^- 120.25.115.19                 2   6    17    14  +2132us[+2132us] +/-   74ms
^- 59.46.44.253                  2   6    33    11   +734us[ +734us] +/-   78ms
^* news.neu.edu.cn               2   6    17    14   +647us[+4083us] +/-   21ms
^? 2001:da8:9000::130            0   6     0   10y     +0ns[   +0ns] +/-    0ns
^? 2400:a480:f:420:d2::bd        0   6     0   10y     +0ns[   +0ns] +/-    0ns
^? 2001:da8:9000::81             0   6     0   10y     +0ns[   +0ns] +/-    0ns
^? 2001:da8:202:10::61           0   6     0   10y     +0ns[   +0ns] +/-    0ns

安装OpenStack软件包

$ apt-get install software-properties-common
$ add-apt-repository cloud-archive:newton
$ apt-get update && apt dist-upgrade
$ apt-get install python-openstackclient

安装和配置数据库

安装MariaDB软件包：

$ apt install mariadb-server python-pymysql

配置MariaDB参数：

$ vi /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf
[mysqld]
bind-address = 192.168.195.160

default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8

重启MariaDB：

$ service mysql restart

配置数据库：

$ mysql_secure_installation
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
> <enter>
Set root password? [Y/n] 
> y
New password: 
> openstack
Re-enter new password:
> openstack
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
> n
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
> n
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
> n
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
> y

验证数据库服务：

$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
> openstack
> quit

安装和配置消息队列服务

安装RabbitMQ：

$ apt install rabbitmq-server

配置用户名和密码：

$ rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack
Creating user "openstack" ...

$ rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "openstack" in vhost "/" ...

安装和配置Memcached服务

安装Memcached软件包：

$ apt install memcached python-memcache

基本配置：

$ vi /etc/memcached.conf
-l 192.168.195.160

重启服务：

$ service memcached restart

安装和配置认证服务

配置KeyStore数据库

创建KeyStore数据库：

$ mysql -u root -p
> openstack
> CREATE DATABASE keystone;
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> quit

配置数据库URL：

$ vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
...

[database]
...

connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:openstack@ubuntustack/keystone

...

配置Fernet Key仓库Token：

$ vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
...

[token]
...

provider = fernet

...

同步数据库：

$ su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

初始化KeyStore Fernet Key仓库

$ keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
$ keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone

启动KeyStore服务

初始化KeyStore服务：

$ keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password openstack \
  --bootstrap-admin-url http://ubuntustack:35357/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-internal-url http://ubuntustack:35357/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-public-url http://ubuntustack:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne

配置Apache2服务名：

$ vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
...

ServerName ubuntustack

...

重启Apache2服务：

$ service apache2 restart
$ rm -fv /var/lib/keystone/keystone.db

配置KeyStore权限

设置管理员环境变量：

$ export OS_USERNAME=admin
$ export OS_PASSWORD=openstack
$ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
$ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
$ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
$ export OS_AUTH_URL=http://ubuntustack:35357/v3
$ export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

创建Project：

$ openstack project create --domain default \
  --description "Service Project" service
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Service Project                  |
| domain_id   | default                          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 2493d51774e64be1ae97041768b73d98 |
| is_domain   | False                            |
| name        | service                          |
| parent_id   | default                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

$ openstack project create --domain default \
  --description "Demo Project" demo
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Demo Project                     |
| domain_id   | default                          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c |
| is_domain   | False                            |
| name        | demo                             |
| parent_id   | default                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建User：

$ openstack user create --domain default \
  --password-prompt demo
User Password:
> openstack
Repeat User Password:
> openstack
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | ffff52bbf1da4c86a3d2b57e977f6b82 |
| name                | demo                             |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

创建Role:

$ openstack role create user
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| Field     | Value                            |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | None                             |
| id        | 314d4ba677ef4f6d92c53f00e470be1b |
| name      | user                             |
+-----------+----------------------------------+

为Project添加Role：

$ openstack role add --project demo --user demo user

验证KeyStore服务

编辑“/etc/keystone/keystone-paste.ini”文件，从“[pipeline:public_api]”，“[pipeline:admin_api]”和“[pipeline:api_v3]”小节中移除“admin_token_auth”。

取消“OS_AUTH_URL”和“OS_PASSWORD”环境变量设置：

$ unset OS_AUTH_URL OS_PASSWORD

请求一个admin认证Token：

$ openstack --os-auth-url http://ubuntustack:35357/v3 \
  --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
  --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue
Password: 
> openstack
+------------+----------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                            |
+------------+----------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-11-28 09:55:28+00:00        |
| id         | ab3f069806b24fd29869eac1d6ccbbc8 |
| project_id | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b |
| user_id    | 5524cbf52bf440deb5e3e8ccd074a267 |
+------------+----------------------------------+

请求一个demo认证Token：

$ openstack --os-auth-url http://ubuntustack:5000/v3 \
  --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
  --os-project-name demo --os-username demo token issue
Password: 
> openstack
+------------+----------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                            |
+------------+----------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-11-28 09:56:25+00:00        |
| id         | 628a27e1ae1847ea968186122d158ee6 |
| project_id | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c |
| user_id    | ffff52bbf1da4c86a3d2b57e977f6b82 |
+------------+----------------------------------+

创建OpenStack客户端环境变量脚本

创建admin用户环境变量脚本：

$ vi admin-openrc
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=openstack
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://ubuntustack:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

创建demo用户环境变量脚本：

$ vi demo-openrc
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=openstack
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://ubuntustack:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

验证admin用户环境变量脚本：

$ . admin-openrc
$ openstack token issue
+------------+----------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                            |
+------------+----------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-11-28 09:59:18+00:00        |
| id         | 5192190f959545288ed4095b7cc2af1f |
| project_id | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b |
| user_id    | 5524cbf52bf440deb5e3e8ccd074a267 |
+------------+----------------------------------+

安装和配置镜像服务

创建Glance数据库：

$ mysql -u root -p
> openstack
> CREATE DATABASE glance;
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> quit

设置admin环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

配置Glance的KeyStore认证

创建Glance用户：

$ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance
User Password:
> openstack
Repeat User Password:
> openstack
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 0333d28a75824b81a73d9c99ed0d6a09 |
| name                | glance                           |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

把Glance用户添加进服务的管理员角色：

$ openstack role add --project service --user glance admin

创建Glance服务：

$ openstack service create --name glance \
  --description "OpenStack Image" image
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Image                  |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 64e1b1473cba4c3395c1aef20ae1b5d9 |
| name        | glance                           |
| type        | image                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建Glance服务的公共EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://ubuntustack:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 6ba33ab89e2b4d8bb4c8583add6aaeee |
| interface    | public                           |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 64e1b1473cba4c3395c1aef20ae1b5d9 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:9292          |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

创建Glance服务的内部EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://ubuntustack:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 2bbde57b9ddb4ae78ed825258c1b1e5e |
| interface    | internal                         |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 64e1b1473cba4c3395c1aef20ae1b5d9 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:9292          |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

创建Glance服务的管理EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://ubuntustack:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | b09eb627b221453e8ffdd99d7df7e67a |
| interface    | admin                            |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 64e1b1473cba4c3395c1aef20ae1b5d9 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:9292          |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

安装和配置Glance服务

安装Glance软件包

$ apt-get install glance

配置Glance API服务：

$ vi /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:openstack@ubuntustack/glance

[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://ubuntustack:5000
auth_url = http://ubuntustack:35357
memcached_servers = ubuntustack:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = openstack

[paste_deploy]
...
flavor = keystone


[glance_store]
...
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /opt/stack/images/

配置Glance Registery服务：

$ vi /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:openstack@ubuntustack/glance

[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://ubuntustack:5000
auth_url = http://ubuntustack:35357
memcached_servers = ubuntustack:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = openstack

[paste_deploy]
...
flavor = keystone

同步Glance数据库：

$ su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

$ mkdir -pv /opt/stack/images
$ chown glance:glance /opt/stack/images
$ chmod 744 /opt/stack/images

重启Glance服务：

$ service glance-registry restart
$ service glance-api restart

验证Glance服务

设置管理员环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

下载测试镜像：

$ wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.4/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img

添加测试镜像到Glance仓库：

$ openstack image create "cirros" \
  --file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img \
  --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \
  --public
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field            | Value                                                |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum         | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6                     |
| container_format | bare                                                 |
| created_at       | 2016-11-28T21:14:49Z                                 |
| disk_format      | qcow2                                                |
| file             | /v2/images/e345e8b0-71b7-44e0-b1a1-e168f85a19f6/file |
| id               | e345e8b0-71b7-44e0-b1a1-e168f85a19f6                 |
| min_disk         | 0                                                    |
| min_ram          | 0                                                    |
| name             | cirros                                               |
| owner            | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b                     |
| protected        | False                                                |
| schema           | /v2/schemas/image                                    |
| size             | 13287936                                             |
| status           | active                                               |
| tags             |                                                      |
| updated_at       | 2016-11-28T21:14:49Z                                 |
| virtual_size     | None                                                 |
| visibility       | public                                               |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+

查看已加入的镜像：

$ openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID                                   | Name   | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| e345e8b0-71b7-44e0-b1a1-e168f85a19f6 | cirros | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+

安装和配置计算服务

创建Nova数据库：

$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
> openstack
> CREATE DATABASE nova_api;
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> CREATE DATABASE nova;
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> quit

设置管理员环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

配置Nova的KeyStore认证

创建Nova用户：

$ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt nova
User Password:
> openstack
Repeat User Password:
> openstack
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | e69cc08aab424e32b890b25621eef471 |
| name                | nova                             |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

添加Nova用户到服务的管理员角色：

$ openstack role add --project service --user nova admin

创建Nova服务：

$ openstack service create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute" compute
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Compute                |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 472934388a194c36a80295c267e5252f |
| name        | nova                             |
| type        | compute                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建Nova服务的公共EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute public http://ubuntustack:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                      |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                       |
| id           | 74f5e21c114a48d68782a886ff6c4ca7           |
| interface    | public                                     |
| region       | RegionOne                                  |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                  |
| service_id   | 472934388a194c36a80295c267e5252f           |
| service_name | nova                                       |
| service_type | compute                                    |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+

创建Nova服务的内部EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute internal http://ubuntustack:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                      |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                       |
| id           | 2cdc0c65e9e04136bf08e1ec913eaadb           |
| interface    | internal                                   |
| region       | RegionOne                                  |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                  |
| service_id   | 472934388a194c36a80295c267e5252f           |
| service_name | nova                                       |
| service_type | compute                                    |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+

创建Nova服务的管理EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute admin http://ubuntustack:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                      |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                       |
| id           | 47ace5dab56940cbbac20b43abedadb9           |
| interface    | admin                                      |
| region       | RegionOne                                  |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                  |
| service_id   | 472934388a194c36a80295c267e5252f           |
| service_name | nova                                       |
| service_type | compute                                    |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+--------------------------------------------+

安装和配置Nova服务

安装Nova软件包：

$ apt-get install nova-api nova-conductor nova-consoleauth nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler nova-compute

配置Nova服务：

$ vi /etc/nova/nova.conf

[DEFAULT]
...
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@ubuntustack
auth_strategy = keystone
my_ip = 192.168.195.160
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver

[api_database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:openstack@ubuntustack/nova_api

[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:openstack@ubuntustack/nova

[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://ubuntustack:5000
auth_url = http://ubuntustack:35357
memcached_servers = ubuntustack:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = openstack

[vnc]
...
vncserver_listen = $my_ip
vncserver_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
enabled = True
novncproxy_base_url = http://ubuntustack:6080/vnc_auto.html

[glance]
...
api_servers = http://ubuntustack:9292

[oslo_concurrency]
...
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp

配置Nova虚拟机类型：

$ vi /etc/nova/nova-compute.conf
[libvirt]
...
virt_type = qemu

同步Nova数据库：

$ su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
$ su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

重启Nova服务：

$ service nova-api restart && service nova-consoleauth restart && service nova-scheduler restart && \
  service nova-conductor restart && service nova-novncproxy restart && service nova-compute restart

验证Nova服务

设置管理员环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

查看计算服务状态：

$ openstack compute service list
+----+------------------+-------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| ID | Binary           | Host        | Zone     | Status  | State | Updated At                 |
+----+------------------+-------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
|  4 | nova-consoleauth | UbuntuStack | internal | enabled | up    | 2016-11-28T21:51:28.000000 |
|  5 | nova-scheduler   | UbuntuStack | internal | enabled | up    | 2016-11-28T21:51:32.000000 |
|  6 | nova-conductor   | UbuntuStack | internal | enabled | up    | 2016-11-28T21:51:32.000000 |
|  8 | nova-compute     | UbuntuStack | nova     | enabled | up    | 2016-11-28T21:51:28.000000 |
+----+------------------+-------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+

查看Nova日志：

$ vi /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log

安装和配置网络服务

创建Neutron数据库：

$ mysql -u root -p
> openstack
> CREATE DATABASE neutron;
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> quit

设置管理员环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

配置Neutron的KeyStore认证

创建Neutron用户：

$ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron
User Password:
> openstack
Repeat User Password:
> openstack
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | da9bf75b6a4041d1b9aba7b236026a2d |
| name                | neutron                          |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

把Neutorn加入服务的管理角色：

$ openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin

创建Neutron服务：

$ openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Networking             |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 7d3567ffbc4941dd800f445eab76ded9 |
| name        | neutron                          |
| type        | network                          |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建Neutron服务的公共EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network public http://ubuntustack:9696
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | b55696fa3198466a9def11bda1263caf |
| interface    | public                           |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 7d3567ffbc4941dd800f445eab76ded9 |
| service_name | neutron                          |
| service_type | network                          |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:9696          |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

创建Neutron服务的内部EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network internal http://ubuntustack:9696
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 26f5c0b68e134e87bd95a3ae8aa676f1 |
| interface    | internal                         |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 7d3567ffbc4941dd800f445eab76ded9 |
| service_name | neutron                          |
| service_type | network                          |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:9696          |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

创建Neutron服务的管理EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network admin http://ubuntustack:9696
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | 8149bf9a36ce4e53884bd3a766dfb116 |
| interface    | admin                            |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | 7d3567ffbc4941dd800f445eab76ded9 |
| service_name | neutron                          |
| service_type | network                          |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:9696          |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

安装和配置Neutron服务

安装Neutron软件包：

$ apt-get install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent neutron-metadata-agent

配置Neutron服务：

$ vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:openstack@ubuntustack/neutron

[DEFAULT]
...
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
allow_overlapping_ips = True
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@ubuntustack
auth_strategy = keystone
notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = True
notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = True

[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://ubuntustack:5000
auth_url = http://ubuntustack:35357
memcached_servers = ubuntustack:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = openstack

[nova]
...
auth_url = http://ubuntustack:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = nova
password = openstack

配置“Self-Service”网络

# Configure the Modular Layer 2 (ML2) plug-in
$ vi /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
[ml2]
...
type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan
tenant_network_types = vxlan
mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population
extension_drivers = port_security

[ml2_type_flat]
...
flat_networks = provider

[ml2_type_vxlan]
...
vni_ranges = 1:1000

[securitygroup]
...
enable_ipset = True

配置Linux网桥代理：

$ vi /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33

[vxlan]
enable_vxlan = True
local_ip = 192.168.195.160
l2_population = True

[securitygroup]
...
enable_security_group = True
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver

配置Layer 3代理：

$ vi /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
...
interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver

配置DHCP代理：

$ vi /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
...
interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver
dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
enable_isolated_metadata = True

配置元数据代理：

$ vi /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
...
nova_metadata_ip = ubuntustack
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = openstack

配置Nova服务使用Neutron服务：

$ vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
[neutron]
...
url = http://ubuntustack:9696
auth_url = http://ubuntustack:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = openstack
service_metadata_proxy = True
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = openstack

同步Neutron数据库：

$ su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf \
  --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron

重启Nova和Neutron服务：

$ service nova-api restart

$ service neutron-server restart && service neutron-linuxbridge-agent restart && \
  service neutron-dhcp-agent restart && service neutron-metadata-agent restart

$ service neutron-l3-agent restart

$ service nova-compute restart

验证Neutron服务

设置管理员环境变量

$ . admin-openrc

查看Neutron扩展：

$ neutron ext-list
+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| alias                     | name                                          |
+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| default-subnetpools       | Default Subnetpools                           |
| network-ip-availability   | Network IP Availability                       |
| network_availability_zone | Network Availability Zone                     |
| auto-allocated-topology   | Auto Allocated Topology Services              |
| ext-gw-mode               | Neutron L3 Configurable external gateway mode |
| binding                   | Port Binding                                  |
| agent                     | agent                                         |
| subnet_allocation         | Subnet Allocation                             |
| l3_agent_scheduler        | L3 Agent Scheduler                            |
| tag                       | Tag support                                   |
| external-net              | Neutron external network                      |
| flavors                   | Neutron Service Flavors                       |
| net-mtu                   | Network MTU                                   |
| availability_zone         | Availability Zone                             |
| quotas                    | Quota management support                      |
| l3-ha                     | HA Router extension                           |
| provider                  | Provider Network                              |
| multi-provider            | Multi Provider Network                        |
| address-scope             | Address scope                                 |
| extraroute                | Neutron Extra Route                           |
| subnet-service-types      | Subnet service types                          |
| standard-attr-timestamp   | Resource timestamps                           |
| service-type              | Neutron Service Type Management               |
| l3-flavors                | Router Flavor Extension                       |
| port-security             | Port Security                                 |
| extra_dhcp_opt            | Neutron Extra DHCP opts                       |
| standard-attr-revisions   | Resource revision numbers                     |
| pagination                | Pagination support                            |
| sorting                   | Sorting support                               |
| security-group            | security-group                                |
| dhcp_agent_scheduler      | DHCP Agent Scheduler                          |
| router_availability_zone  | Router Availability Zone                      |
| rbac-policies             | RBAC Policies                                 |
| standard-attr-description | standard-attr-description                     |
| router                    | Neutron L3 Router                             |
| allowed-address-pairs     | Allowed Address Pairs                         |
| project-id                | project_id field enabled                      |
| dvr                       | Distributed Virtual Router                    |
+---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

查看网络代理：

$ openstack network agent list
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------+-------+---------------------------+
| ID                                   | Agent Type         | Host        | Availability Zone | Alive | State | Binary                    |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------+-------+---------------------------+
| 3d9ec505-1ec9-48a9-9f2f-a5b769fbd77e | L3 agent           | UbuntuStack | nova              | True  | UP    | neutron-l3-agent          |
| 3ee2203d-d462-453a-990c-d6646a1262b7 | Linux bridge agent | UbuntuStack | None              | True  | UP    | neutron-linuxbridge-agent |
| 87ccc0a5-e686-4e04-ad75-b066be2771e9 | Metadata agent     | UbuntuStack | None              | True  | UP    | neutron-metadata-agent    |
| deaf9d1b-d2b0-4706-be37-5fbdc0d16abf | DHCP agent         | UbuntuStack | nova              | True  | UP    | neutron-dhcp-agent        |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------+-------+-------+---------------------------+

启动一个虚拟机实例

创建和配置“Provider”网络

设置管理员环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

创建“Provider”网络：

$ openstack network create --share --provider-physical-network provider --provider-network-type flat provider
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field                     | Value                                |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up            | UP                                   |
| availability_zone_hints   |                                      |
| availability_zones        |                                      |
| created_at                | 2016-11-28T23:15:05Z                 |
| description               |                                      |
| headers                   |                                      |
| id                        | 716eaea1-3b1b-459a-a601-4b9a0d3266e3 |
| ipv4_address_scope        | None                                 |
| ipv6_address_scope        | None                                 |
| mtu                       | 1500                                 |
| name                      | provider                             |
| port_security_enabled     | True                                 |
| project_id                | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b     |
| project_id                | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b     |
| provider:network_type     | flat                                 |
| provider:physical_network | provider                             |
| provider:segmentation_id  | None                                 |
| revision_number           | 3                                    |
| router:external           | Internal                             |
| shared                    | True                                 |
| status                    | ACTIVE                               |
| subnets                   |                                      |
| tags                      | []                                   |
| updated_at                | 2016-11-28T23:15:05Z                 |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+

为“Provider”网络创建一个子网：

$ openstack subnet create --network provider \
  --allocation-pool start=192.168.195.200,end=192.168.195.230 \
  --dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 --gateway 192.168.195.2 \
  --subnet-range 192.168.195.0/24 provider
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field             | Value                                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools  | 192.168.195.200-192.168.195.230      |
| cidr              | 192.168.195.0/24                     |
| created_at        | 2016-11-28T23:19:49Z                 |
| description       |                                      |
| dns_nameservers   | 114.114.114.114                      |
| enable_dhcp       | True                                 |
| gateway_ip        | 192.168.195.2                        |
| headers           |                                      |
| host_routes       |                                      |
| id                | b8d66c38-2770-46f0-bbc1-6010b995d5af |
| ip_version        | 4                                    |
| ipv6_address_mode | None                                 |
| ipv6_ra_mode      | None                                 |
| name              | provider                             |
| network_id        | 716eaea1-3b1b-459a-a601-4b9a0d3266e3 |
| project_id        | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b     |
| project_id        | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b     |
| revision_number   | 2                                    |
| service_types     | []                                   |
| subnetpool_id     | None                                 |
| updated_at        | 2016-11-28T23:19:49Z                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+

创建和配置“Self-Service”网络

设置测试用户环境变量：

$ . demo-openrc

创建“Self-Service”网络：

$ openstack network create selfservice
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field                   | Value                                |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up          | UP                                   |
| availability_zone_hints |                                      |
| availability_zones      |                                      |
| created_at              | 2016-11-29T09:47:39Z                 |
| description             |                                      |
| headers                 |                                      |
| id                      | eb2f08c3-dbc4-423e-8206-6b0fb07d94b7 |
| ipv4_address_scope      | None                                 |
| ipv6_address_scope      | None                                 |
| mtu                     | 1450                                 |
| name                    | selfservice                          |
| port_security_enabled   | True                                 |
| project_id              | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| project_id              | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| revision_number         | 3                                    |
| router:external         | Internal                             |
| shared                  | False                                |
| status                  | ACTIVE                               |
| subnets                 |                                      |
| tags                    | []                                   |
| updated_at              | 2016-11-29T09:47:39Z                 |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+

设置“Self-Service”网络子网：

$ openstack subnet create --network selfservice \
  --dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 --gateway 192.168.196.1 \
  --subnet-range 192.168.196.0/24 selfservice
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field             | Value                                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| allocation_pools  | 192.168.196.2-192.168.196.254        |
| cidr              | 192.168.196.0/24                     |
| created_at        | 2016-11-28T23:23:23Z                 |
| description       |                                      |
| dns_nameservers   | 114.114.114.114                      |
| enable_dhcp       | True                                 |
| gateway_ip        | 192.168.196.1                        |
| headers           |                                      |
| host_routes       |                                      |
| id                | e7aed07e-0d4c-4b8f-9210-1ec658a92f33 |
| ip_version        | 4                                    |
| ipv6_address_mode | None                                 |
| ipv6_ra_mode      | None                                 |
| name              | selfservice                          |
| network_id        | 18d0b6d3-b78a-4703-a24e-ec5dc9b73bd7 |
| project_id        | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b     |
| project_id        | c77f9d27e4f5496092357ff991d1639b     |
| revision_number   | 2                                    |
| service_types     | []                                   |
| subnetpool_id     | None                                 |
| updated_at        | 2016-11-28T23:23:24Z                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+

查看已经创建的网络：

$ openstack subnet list
+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
| ID                                   | Name        | Network                              | Subnet           |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
| b8d66c38-2770-46f0-bbc1-6010b995d5af | provider    | 716eaea1-3b1b-459a-a601-4b9a0d3266e3 | 192.168.195.0/24 |
| ee9382f0-3ce2-4451-931e-402da6441a35 | selfservice | eb2f08c3-dbc4-423e-8206-6b0fb07d94b7 | 192.168.196.0/24 |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+

创建和配置路由

设置测试用户环境变量：

$ . demo-openrc

更新“Provider”网络路由：

$ neutron net-update provider --router:external
Updated network: provider

创建一个路由：

$ openstack router create router
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field                   | Value                                |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up          | UP                                   |
| availability_zone_hints |                                      |
| availability_zones      |                                      |
| created_at              | 2016-11-29T09:50:56Z                 |
| description             |                                      |
| external_gateway_info   | null                                 |
| flavor_id               | None                                 |
| headers                 |                                      |
| id                      | 2b84f7f4-9bef-427f-afad-19a9f53b4b2d |
| name                    | router                               |
| project_id              | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| project_id              | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| revision_number         | 2                                    |
| routes                  |                                      |
| status                  | ACTIVE                               |
| updated_at              | 2016-11-29T09:50:56Z                 |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------+

把“Self-Service”网络添加进路由端口：

$ neutron router-interface-add router selfservice
Added interface ba82e6d7-117d-42cd-8c51-adde92aeb14b to router router.
# neutron router-interface-delete router selfservice

设置“Provider”网络的网关：

$ neutron router-gateway-set router provider
Set gateway for router router
# neutron router-gateway-clear router provider

验证网络服务

设置管理员用户环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

查看网络命名空间：

$ ip netns
qrouter-2b84f7f4-9bef-427f-afad-19a9f53b4b2d (id: 2)
qdhcp-eb2f08c3-dbc4-423e-8206-6b0fb07d94b7 (id: 1)
qdhcp-716eaea1-3b1b-459a-a601-4b9a0d3266e3 (id: 0)

查看路由端口：

$ neutron router-port-list router
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| id                                   | name | mac_address       | fixed_ips                                         |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| 1b867faf-2602-4a2b-a626-a80be2dbb8a4 |      | fa:16:3e:48:b3:dd | {"subnet_id":                                     |
|                                      |      |                   | "b8d66c38-2770-46f0-bbc1-6010b995d5af",           |
|                                      |      |                   | "ip_address": "192.168.195.201"}                  |
| ba82e6d7-117d-42cd-8c51-adde92aeb14b |      | fa:16:3e:19:ac:de | {"subnet_id": "ee9382f0-3ce2-4451-931e-           |
|                                      |      |                   | 402da6441a35", "ip_address": "192.168.196.1"}     |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

使用ping命令测试“Provider”网络：

$ ping -c 4 192.168.195.201
PING 192.168.195.201 (192.168.195.201) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.195.201: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.131 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.195.201: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.195.201: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.195.201: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.051 ms

--- 192.168.195.201 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2997ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.051/0.073/0.131/0.033 ms

创建和配置虚拟机模板

设置管理员用户环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

创建“m1.nano”虚拟机模板：

$ openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 m1.nano
+----------------------------+---------+
| Field                      | Value   |
+----------------------------+---------+
| OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled   | False   |
| OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral  | 0       |
| disk                       | 1       |
| id                         | 0       |
| name                       | m1.nano |
| os-flavor-access:is_public | True    |
| properties                 |         |
| ram                        | 64      |
| rxtx_factor                | 1.0     |
| swap                       |         |
| vcpus                      | 1       |
+----------------------------+---------+

生成一个钥匙对

设置测试用户环境变量：

$ . demo-openrc

生成ssh钥匙对：

# Alternatively, you can skip the ssh-keygen command and use an existing public key.
$ ssh-keygen -q -N ""
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

添加钥匙对：

$ openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                                           |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| fingerprint | 92:f3:2f:58:fa:6b:32:c7:b2:df:66:46:5f:28:43:d4 |
| name        | mykey                                           |
| user_id     | ffff52bbf1da4c86a3d2b57e977f6b82                |
+-------------+-------------------------------------------------+

查看钥匙对：

$ openstack keypair list
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Name  | Fingerprint                                     |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
| mykey | 92:f3:2f:58:fa:6b:32:c7:b2:df:66:46:5f:28:43:d4 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+

添加安全组规则

允许ICMP协议（可以ping）：

$ openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field             | Value                                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at        | 2016-11-28T23:33:13Z                 |
| description       |                                      |
| direction         | ingress                              |
| ethertype         | IPv4                                 |
| headers           |                                      |
| id                | 7f5a28ec-2523-4922-aaad-92bd4c1583c5 |
| port_range_max    | None                                 |
| port_range_min    | None                                 |
| project_id        | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| project_id        | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| protocol          | icmp                                 |
| remote_group_id   | None                                 |
| remote_ip_prefix  | 0.0.0.0/0                            |
| revision_number   | 1                                    |
| security_group_id | 42794c97-bdfb-4f02-aa5c-c34df255f620 |
| updated_at        | 2016-11-28T23:33:13Z                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+

允许SSH协议：

$ openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field             | Value                                |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at        | 2016-11-28T23:34:05Z                 |
| description       |                                      |
| direction         | ingress                              |
| ethertype         | IPv4                                 |
| headers           |                                      |
| id                | bfe104f7-e15c-4216-bf12-79c36247a308 |
| port_range_max    | 22                                   |
| port_range_min    | 22                                   |
| project_id        | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| project_id        | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| protocol          | tcp                                  |
| remote_group_id   | None                                 |
| remote_ip_prefix  | 0.0.0.0/0                            |
| revision_number   | 1                                    |
| security_group_id | 42794c97-bdfb-4f02-aa5c-c34df255f620 |
| updated_at        | 2016-11-28T23:34:05Z                 |
+-------------------+--------------------------------------+

在“Self-Service”网络上启动虚拟机

确认虚拟机选项

设置测试用户环境变量：

$ . demo-openrc

查看已创建的虚拟机模板：

$ openstack flavor list
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| ID | Name    | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public |
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| 0  | m1.nano |  64 |    1 |         0 |     1 | True      |
+----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+

查看已添加的虚拟机镜像：

$ openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID                                   | Name   | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| e345e8b0-71b7-44e0-b1a1-e168f85a19f6 | cirros | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+

查看已创建的虚拟机网络：

$ openstack network list
+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| ID                                   | Name        | Subnets                              |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| 716eaea1-3b1b-459a-a601-4b9a0d3266e3 | provider    | b8d66c38-2770-46f0-bbc1-6010b995d5af |
| eb2f08c3-dbc4-423e-8206-6b0fb07d94b7 | selfservice | ee9382f0-3ce2-4451-931e-402da6441a35 |
+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------+

查看已添加的安全组：

$ openstack security group list
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ID                                   | Name    | Description            | Project                          |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+
| 42794c97-bdfb-4f02-aa5c-c34df255f620 | default | Default security group | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+

创建虚拟机实例

创建并启动虚拟机：

$ openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros \
  --nic net-id=eb2f08c3-dbc4-423e-8206-6b0fb07d94b7 --security-group default \
  --key-name mykey selfservice-instance
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Field                                | Value                                         |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig                    | MANUAL                                        |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone          |                                               |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state               | NOSTATE                                       |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state                | scheduling                                    |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state                  | building                                      |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at               | None                                          |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at             | None                                          |
| accessIPv4                           |                                               |
| accessIPv6                           |                                               |
| addresses                            |                                               |
| adminPass                            | RtZAyPrB426N                                  |
| config_drive                         |                                               |
| created                              | 2016-11-29T09:59:42Z                          |
| flavor                               | m1.nano (0)                                   |
| hostId                               |                                               |
| id                                   | aef838f5-8f9d-4ff2-8a34-17bd5ac05a8a          |
| image                                | cirros (e345e8b0-71b7-44e0-b1a1-e168f85a19f6) |
| key_name                             | mykey                                         |
| name                                 | selfservice-instance                          |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | []                                            |
| progress                             | 0                                             |
| project_id                           | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c              |
| properties                           |                                               |
| security_groups                      | [{u'name': u'default'}]                       |
| status                               | BUILD                                         |
| updated                              | 2016-11-29T09:59:42Z                          |
| user_id                              | ffff52bbf1da4c86a3d2b57e977f6b82              |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

查看虚拟机状态：

$ openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------+------------+
| ID                                   | Name                 | Status | Networks | Image Name |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------+------------+
| aef838f5-8f9d-4ff2-8a34-17bd5ac05a8a | selfservice-instance | BUILD  |          | cirros     |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------+------------+

通过虚拟控制台访问虚拟机

如果虚拟机没有启动，可以使用如下命令：

$ openstack server start selfservice-instance

查看虚拟机控制台URL，并使用Web浏览器打开（用户名：“cirros”，密码：“cubswin:)”）：

$ openstack console url show selfservice-instance
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value                                                                            |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| type  | novnc                                                                            |
| url   | http://ubuntustack:6080/vnc_auto.html?token=749d78c1-33f1-4843-a5f6-1f0920773941 |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

重新设置虚拟机密码：

$ sudo passwd root
> 123456
> 123456

ping内网网关和公网网址：

$ ping -c 4 192.168.196.1

$ ping www.163.com

远程访问虚拟机

在“Provider”网络上创建浮动IP：

$ openstack floating ip create provider
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                                |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at          | 2016-11-29T10:04:06Z                 |
| description         |                                      |
| fixed_ip_address    | None                                 |
| floating_ip_address | 192.168.195.206                      |
| floating_network_id | 716eaea1-3b1b-459a-a601-4b9a0d3266e3 |
| headers             |                                      |
| id                  | a037740a-eb2a-4b78-9b9a-39a5c1b00ac7 |
| port_id             | None                                 |
| project_id          | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| project_id          | c7ddc0ecab64419486df0d7f66e8174c     |
| revision_number     | 1                                    |
| router_id           | None                                 |
| status              | DOWN                                 |
| updated_at          | 2016-11-29T10:04:06Z                 |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
# openstack floating ip delete d30f7916-a9c7-42ee-aaec-f60bb1ae732a

为刚才创建的“selfservice-instance”虚拟机添加一个浮动IP：

$ openstack server add floating ip selfservice-instance 192.168.195.206
# openstack server remove floating ip selfservice-instance 192.168.195.211

查看虚拟机状态：

$ openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+--------------------------------------------+------------+
| ID                                   | Name                 | Status | Networks                                   | Image Name |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+--------------------------------------------+------------+
| aef838f5-8f9d-4ff2-8a34-17bd5ac05a8a | selfservice-instance | ACTIVE | selfservice=192.168.196.9, 192.168.195.206 | cirros     |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+--------------------------------------------+------------+

ping虚拟机浮动IP：

$ ping -c 4 192.168.195.206
PING 192.168.195.206 (192.168.195.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.195.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.955 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.195.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.350 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.195.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.445 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.195.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.711 ms

--- 192.168.195.206 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.350/0.615/0.955/0.237 ms

使用ssh访问虚拟机：

$ ssh cirros@192.168.195.206
$ cat /etc/issue 
login as 'cirros' user. default password: 'cubswin:)'. use 'sudo' for root.

安装和配置块存储服务

创建Cinder数据库：

$ mysql -u root -p
> openstack
> CREATE DATABASE cinder;
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
> quit

设置管理员用户环境变量：

$ . admin-openrc

创建和配置Cinder的KeyStore认证

创建Cinder用户：

$ openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt cinder
User Password:
> openstack
Repeat User Password:
> openstack
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | default                          |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 16912fdd1eed410a8a76720b0a38a334 |
| name                | cinder                           |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+

把Cinder用户添加进服务的管理员角色：

$ openstack role add --project service --user cinder admin

创建Cinder服务：

$ openstack service create --name cinder --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volume
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 0b2ccf8379a345748773027492a28c8c |
| name        | cinder                           |
| type        | volume                           |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建Cinder V2服务：

$ openstack service create --name cinderv2 --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev2
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 4c9f38fec5e7419a96faeb615d9459c6 |
| name        | cinderv2                         |
| type        | volumev2                         |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

创建Cinder服务的公共EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volume public http://ubuntustack:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 606c64305e0b49bb968d39aaec25b37a         |
| interface    | public                                   |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | 0b2ccf8379a345748773027492a28c8c         |
| service_name | cinder                                   |
| service_type | volume                                   |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

创建Cinder服务的内部EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volume internal http://ubuntustack:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 315ba5dbbb9944abaa9d3bbe391b6b67         |
| interface    | internal                                 |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | 0b2ccf8379a345748773027492a28c8c         |
| service_name | cinder                                   |
| service_type | volume                                   |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------

创建Cinder服务的管理EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volume admin http://ubuntustack:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 7f1c360d846c45f3ba00ab9f1924eda3         |
| interface    | admin                                    |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | 0b2ccf8379a345748773027492a28c8c         |
| service_name | cinder                                   |
| service_type | volume                                   |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

创建Cinder V2服务的公共EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev2 public http://ubuntustack:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | b0d39b4917ce440dae198c89313c2034         |
| interface    | public                                   |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | 4c9f38fec5e7419a96faeb615d9459c6         |
| service_name | cinderv2                                 |
| service_type | volumev2                                 |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

创建Cinder V2服务的内部EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev2 internal http://ubuntustack:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 508541b13b1b4d4ebb860891c0ccffbd         |
| interface    | internal                                 |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | 4c9f38fec5e7419a96faeb615d9459c6         |
| service_name | cinderv2                                 |
| service_type | volumev2                                 |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------

创建Cinder V2服务的管理EndPoint：

$ openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne volumev2 admin http://ubuntustack:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                                    |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                                     |
| id           | 283c9c773a194b61aca19b3cfcdb14a6         |
| interface    | admin                                    |
| region       | RegionOne                                |
| region_id    | RegionOne                                |
| service_id   | 4c9f38fec5e7419a96faeb615d9459c6         |
| service_name | cinderv2                                 |
| service_type | volumev2                                 |
| url          | http://ubuntustack:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s |
+--------------+------------------------------------------+

安装和配置Cinder服务

安装Cinder软件包：

$ apt-get install cinder-api cinder-scheduler cinder-volume

$ vi /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:openstack@ubuntustack/cinder

[DEFAULT]
...
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@ubuntustack
auth_strategy = keystone
my_ip = 192.168.195.160

[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://ubuntustack:5000
auth_url = http://ubuntustack:35357
memcached_servers = ubuntustack:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = cinder
password = openstack


[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp

配置Nova使用Cinder服务：

$ vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
[cinder]
os_region_name = RegionOne

同步Cinder数据库：

$ su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder

重启Nova和Cinder服务：

$ service nova-api restart && service cinder-scheduler restart && service cinder-api restart

安装和配置Cinder的LVM支持

安装LVM软件包：

$ apt-get install lvm2

启动LVM元数据服务：

$ service lvm2-lvmetad start

创建一个PV：

$ pvcreate /dev/sdd1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created

创建一个VG：

$ vgcreate cinder-volumes /dev/sdd1
  Volume group "cinder-volumes" successfully created

配置Cinder使用LVM：

$ vi /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[DEFAULT]
...
enabled_backends = lvm
glance_api_servers = http://ubuntustack:9292

[lvm]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-volumes
iscsi_protocol = iscsi
iscsi_helper = tgtadm

重启Cinder卷服务：

$ service cinder-volume restart

$ . admin-openrc

$ openstack volume service list
+------------------+-----------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| Binary           | Host            | Zone | Status  | State | Updated At                 |
+------------------+-----------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| cinder-scheduler | UbuntuStack     | nova | enabled | up    | 2016-11-29T00:35:14.000000 |
| cinder-volume    | UbuntuStack     | nova | enabled | up    | 2016-11-29T00:34:33.000000 |
| cinder-volume    | UbuntuStack@lvm | nova | enabled | up    | 2016-11-29T00:35:17.000000 |
+------------------+-----------------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+

创建一个LV卷

设置测试用户环境变量：

$ . demo-openrc

创建一个1G的卷：

$ openstack volume create --size 1 volume1
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                                |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments         | []                                   |
| availability_zone   | nova                                 |
| bootable            | false                                |
| consistencygroup_id | None                                 |
| created_at          | 2016-11-29T10:21:46.494577           |
| description         | None                                 |
| encrypted           | False                                |
| id                  | 5e291162-0cbb-4077-bb07-c2a217b28c1e |
| multiattach         | False                                |
| name                | volume1                              |
| properties          |                                      |
| replication_status  | disabled                             |
| size                | 1                                    |
| snapshot_id         | None                                 |
| source_volid        | None                                 |
| status              | creating                             |
| type                | None                                 |
| updated_at          | None                                 |
| user_id             | ffff52bbf1da4c86a3d2b57e977f6b82     |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
# openstack volume delete volume1

查看已创建的卷：

$ openstack volume list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+----------+------+-------------+
| ID                                   | Display Name | Status   | Size | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+----------+------+-------------+
| 5e291162-0cbb-4077-bb07-c2a217b28c1e | volume1      | creating |    1 |             |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+----------+------+-------------+

为虚拟机增加一个卷：

$ openstack server add volume selfservice-instance volume1

查看虚拟机状态：

$ openstack volume list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ID                                   | Display Name | Status | Size | Attached to                                   |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------+-----------------------------------------------+
| 5e291162-0cbb-4077-bb07-c2a217b28c1e | volume1      | in-use |    1 | Attached to selfservice-instance on /dev/vdb  |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------+------+-----------------------------------------------+

$ 查看附加到虚拟机的卷：

$ ssh cirros@192.168.195.206
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *       16065     2088449     1036192+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/vdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

安装和配置仪表盘服务

安装和配置Horizon服务

安装Horizon软件包：

$ apt install openstack-dashboard

配置Horizon服务：

$ vi /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.py

# Configure the dashboard to use OpenStack services on the ubuntustack node
OPENSTACK_HOST = "ubuntustack"

# Allow all hosts to access the dashboard
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', ]

# Configure the memcached session storage service
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'

CACHES = {
    'default': {
         'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
         'LOCATION': 'ubuntustack:11211',
    }
}

# Enable the Identity API version 3
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST

# Enable support for domains:
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True

# Configure API versions:
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
    "identity": 3,
    "image": 2,
    "volume": 2,
}


# Configure default as the default domain for users that you create via the dashboard:
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "default"

# Configure user as the default role for users that you create via the dashboard:
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user"

# Optionally, configure the time zone:
TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"

重启Web服务器：

$ service apache2 reload

验证Horizon服务

使用浏览器打开 http://ubuntustack/horizon ，使用如下用户名和密码登录查看：

Domain    User    Password
default   admin   openstack
default   demo    openstack

到此，相信大家对“怎么在Ubuntu16单节点上安装OpenStack”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是天达云网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！


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