这篇文章主要介绍ceph技巧有哪些，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
1. ceph rbd在线resize
扩容前
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd create myrbd/rbd1 -s 1024 --image-format=2
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd ls myrbd
rbd1
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd info myrbd/rbd1
rbd image 'rbd1':
size 1024 MB in 256 objects
order 22 (4096 kB objects)
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.12ce6b8b4567
format: 2
features: layering
扩容
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd resize myrbd/rbd1 -s 2048
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.
在rbd1未格式化和挂载之前，直接resize就可以了。如果rbd1已经格式化并挂载了，需要一些额外的操作：
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd map myrbd/rbd1
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd showmapped
id pool image snap device
0 test test.img - /dev/rbd0
1 myrbd rbd1 - /dev/rbd1
[root@mon0 ceph]# mkfs.xfs /dev/rbd1
log stripe unit (4194304 bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB)
log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB
meta-data=/dev/rbd1 isize=256 agcount=9, agsize=64512 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
= sunit=1024 swidth=1024 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@mon0 ceph]# mount /dev/rbd1 /mnt
[root@mon0 ceph]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 529G 20G 482G 4% /
tmpfs 16G 408K 16G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb 559G 33G 527G 6% /openstack
/dev/sdc 1.9T 75M 1.9T 1% /cephmp1
/dev/sdd 1.9T 61M 1.9T 1% /cephmp2
/dev/rbd1 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /mnt
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd resize myrbd/rbd1 -s 4096
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.
[root@mon0 ceph]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 529G 20G 482G 4% /
tmpfs 16G 408K 16G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb 559G 33G 527G 6% /openstack
/dev/sdc 1.9T 75M 1.9T 1% /cephmp1
/dev/sdd 1.9T 61M 1.9T 1% /cephmp2
/dev/rbd1 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /mnt
[root@mon0 ceph]# xfs_growfs /mnt
meta-data=/dev/rbd1 isize=256 agcount=9, agsize=64512 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
= sunit=1024 swidth=1024 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 524288 to 1048576
[root@mon0 ceph]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 529G 20G 482G 4% /
tmpfs 16G 408K 16G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb 559G 33G 527G 6% /openstack
/dev/sdc 1.9T 75M 1.9T 1% /cephmp1
/dev/sdd 1.9T 61M 1.9T 1% /cephmp2
/dev/rbd1 4.0G 33M 4.0G 1% /mnt
还有一种情况是，rbd1已经被挂载到一个vm上：
virsh domblklist myvm
rbd resize myrbd/rbd1
#这里需要通过virsh blockresize进行操作
virsh blockresize --domain myvm --path vdb --size 100G
rbd info myrbd/rbd1
2. 利用ceph-deploy
利用ceph-deploy安装ceph非常简单，可以在安装后根据需要调整ceph.conf。
mkdir ceph-deploy; cd ceph-deploy
ceph-deploy install $cluster
ceph-deploy new cephnode-01 cephnode-02 cephnode-03
ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf mon create cephnode-01 cephnode-02 cephnode-03
ceph-deploy gatherkeys cephnode-01
ceph-deploy osd create \
cephnode-01:/dev/sdb:/dev/sda5 \
cephnode-01:/dev/sdc:/dev/sda6 \
cephnode-01:/dev/sdd:/dev/sda7 \
cephnode-02:/dev/sdb:/dev/sda5 \
cephnode-02:/dev/sdc:/dev/sda6 \
cephnode-02:/dev/sdd:/dev/sda7 \
cephnode-03:/dev/sdb:/dev/sda5 \
cephnode-03:/dev/sdc:/dev/sda6 \
cephnode-03:/dev/sdd:/dev/sda7 \
cephnode-04:/dev/sdb:/dev/sda5 \
cephnode-04:/dev/sdc:/dev/sda6 \
cephnode-04:/dev/sdd:/dev/sda7 \
cephnode-05:/dev/sdb:/dev/sda5 \
cephnode-05:/dev/sdc:/dev/sda6 \
cephnode-05:/dev/sdd:/dev/sda7
利用ceph-deploy进行卸载：
ceph-deploy purgedata $cluster
ceph-deploy purge $cluster
for host in $cluster
do
ssh $host <<EOF
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1M count=100
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=1M count=100
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd bs=1M count=100
sudo sgdisk -g --clear /dev/sdb
sudo sgdisk -g --clear /dev/sdc
sudo sgdisk -g --clear /dev/sdd
EOF
done
3. 删除rbd前先删除相应快照
rbd snap ls myrbd/rbd1
SNAPID NAME SIZE
10 snap1 102400 KB
12 snap2 102400 KB
rbd snap purge myrbd/rbd1
Removing all snapshots: 100% complete...done.
rbd rm myrbd/rbd1
Removing image: 100% complete...done.
4. 测试rbd snap
创建并挂载rbd1：
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd create myrbd/rbd1 -s 1024 --image-format=2
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd map myrbd/rbd1
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd showmapped
id pool image snap device
0 test test.img - /dev/rbd0
1 myrbd rbd1 - /dev/rbd1
[root@mon0 ceph]# mkfs.xfs /dev/rbd1
log stripe unit (4194304 bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB)
log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB
meta-data=/dev/rbd1 isize=256 agcount=9, agsize=31744 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=1024 swidth=1024 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@mon0 ceph]# blkid|grep rbd1
/dev/rbd1: UUID="643b509f-406b-411b-b3a5-fa220fbdfe47" TYPE="xfs"
[root@mon0 ceph]# mount /dev/rbd1 /mnt
[root@mon0 ceph]# mount | grep rbd1
/dev/rbd1 on /mnt type xfs (rw)
创建snap并回滚：
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd snap ls myrbd/rbd1
SNAPID NAME SIZE
2 snap1 1024 MB
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd snap rollback myrbd/rbd1@snap1
Rolling back to snapshot: 100% complete...done.
[root@mon0 ceph]# ls /mnt
v2
[root@mon0 ceph]# umount /mnt
[root@mon0 ceph]# mount /dev/rbd1 /mnt
[root@mon0 ceph]# ls /mnt
v1
通过快照挂载：
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd map myrbd/rbd1@snap1
[root@mon0 ceph]# rbd showmapped
id pool image snap device
0 test test.img - /dev/rbd0
1 myrbd rbd1 - /dev/rbd1
2 myrbd rbd1 snap1 /dev/rbd2
[root@mon0 ceph]# mount -t xfs -o ro,norecovery,nouuid /dev/rbd2 /tmp
[root@mon0 ceph]# ls /tmp
v1
5. 定位文件位置
利用rados put上传并利用map查看文件
[root@osd2 software]# md5sum epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
2cd0ae668a585a14e07c2ea4f264d79b epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@osd2 software]# rados put -p myrbd epel.rpm ./epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@osd2 software]# ceph osd map myrbd epel.rpm
osdmap e88 pool 'myrbd' (4) object 'epel.rpm' -> pg 4.e9ddf5be (4.be) -> up ([4,2], p4) acting ([4,2], p4)
查看所在位置并验证：
[root@osd2 software]# ceph osd tree
# id weight type name up/down reweight
-1 10.92 root default
-2 3.64 host mon0
0 1.82 osd.0 up 1
1 1.82 osd.1 up 1
-3 3.64 host osd1
2 1.82 osd.2 up 1
3 1.82 osd.3 up 1
-4 3.64 host osd2
4 1.82 osd.4 up 1
5 1.82 osd.5 up 1
[root@osd2 software]# cd /cephmp1/current/4.be_head/
[root@osd2 4.be_head]# ls
epel.rpm__head_E9DDF5BE__4
[root@osd2 4.be_head]# md5sum epel.rpm__head_E9DDF5BE__4
2cd0ae668a585a14e07c2ea4f264d79b epel.rpm__head_E9DDF5BE__4
[root@osd2 4.be_head]# ll -h
total 20K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15K Nov 4 17:59 epel.rpm__head_E9DDF5BE__4
利用rbd input上传后进行验证：
[root@osd2 software]# touch hello.txt
[root@osd2 software]# echo "hello world" >> hello.txt
[root@osd2 software]# rbd import ./hello.txt myrbd/hello.txt
Importing image: 100% complete...done.
[root@osd2 software]# rbd info myrbd/hello.txt
rbd image 'hello.txt':
size 12 bytes in 1 objects
order 22 (4096 kB objects)
block_name_prefix: rb.0.1365.6b8b4567
format: 1
[root@osd2 software]# rados ls -p myrbd
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.00000000000000ba
rbd_directory
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.000000000000007d
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.000000000000007c
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.000000000000005d
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.000000000000007e
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.00000000000000ff
rb.0.1365.6b8b4567.000000000000
hello.txt.rbd
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.00000000000000d9
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.00000000000000f8
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.000000000000009b
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.0000000000000001
rbd_header.13446b8b4567
epel.rpm
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.000000000000001f
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.000000000000003e
rbd_id.rbd1
rbd_data.13446b8b4567.0000000000000000
#这样得到的位置信息是错误的
[root@osd2 software]# ceph osd map myrbd hello.txt
osdmap e88 pool 'myrbd' (4) object 'hello.txt' -> pg 4.d92fd82b (4.2b) -> up ([4,3], p4) acting ([4,3], p4)
#需要加上.rbd
[root@osd2 current]# ceph osd map myrbd hello.txt.rbd
osdmap e88 pool 'myrbd' (4) object 'hello.txt.rbd' -> pg 4.9b9bf373 (4.73) -> up ([3,1], p3) acting ([3,1], p3)
[root@osd2 current]# ssh osd1
[root@osd1 ~]# cd /cephmp2/current/4.73_head/
[root@osd1 4.73_head]# ll -h
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 112 Nov 4 18:08 hello.txt.rbd__head_9B9BF373__4
[root@osd1 4.73_head]# cat hello.txt.rbd__head_9B9BF373__4
<<< Rados Block Device Image >>>
rb.0.1365.6b8b4567RBD001.005
#如果是普通的rbd块，format-1类型的rbd块：
#ceph osd map test test.img.rbd
#format-2类型的rbd块：
#ceph osd map test rbd_id.test.img
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