这篇文章主要介绍IdnentiyServer如何使用客户端凭据访问API,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
情景如下:一个客户端要访问一个api,不需要用户登录,但是又不想直接暴露api给外部使用,这时可以使用identityserver添加访问权限。
客户端通过clientid和secrect访问identitserver的Token Endpoint,获取accesstoken;
接着客户端再使用accesstoken作为头部验证访问webapi。(webapi已经添加了identityserver的相关验证)。
代码实现:其中 "http://localhost:5000"是identityserver地址,"http://localhost:5001"是api地址
identityserver:在identityserver添加api和客户端,如下所示:定义了一个api1资源,client客户端。client客户端指定为ClientCredentials(客户端凭据)模式,并允许其访问api1。
public class Config
{
// scopes define the API resources in your system
public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
{
return new List<ApiResource>
{
new ApiResource("api1", "My API")
};
}
// clients want to access resources (aka scopes)
public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
{
// client credentials client
return new List<Client>
{
new Client
{
ClientId = "client",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,
ClientSecrets =
{
new Secret("secret".Sha256())
},
AllowedScopes = { "api1" }
}
};
}
}
在startup配置identityserver如下:
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
// configure identity server with in-memory stores, keys, clients and scopes
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
.AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients());
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseIdentityServer();
}
}
WebApi:在api添加identityserver的验证,代码如下,其中定义了同样的api名称,"http://localhost:5000"是identityserver的地址。
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvcCore()
.AddAuthorization()
.AddJsonFormatters();
services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:5000";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.ApiName = "api1";
});
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc();
}
}
添加一个需要验证的控制器:
[Route("[controller]")]
[Authorize]
public class IdentityController : ControllerBase
{
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult Get()
{
return new JsonResult(from c in User.Claims select new { c.Type, c.Value });
}
}
客户端:
这里使用里IdentityModel类库
实际请求如下:
1.获取accesstoken:http://localhost:5000/connect/token?client_id=client&client_secret=secret&grant_type=client_credentials&scope=api1
2.请求api1
http://localhost:5001/identity
Headers
Authorization:accesstoken
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args) => MainAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
private static async Task MainAsync()
{
//获取identitserver的各个端点地址
var disco = await DiscoveryClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5000");
if (disco.IsError)
{
Console.WriteLine(disco.Error);
return;
}
//获取具有api1访问权限的accesstoken
var tokenClient = new TokenClient(disco.TokenEndpoint, "client", "secret");
var tokenResponse = await tokenClient.RequestClientCredentialsAsync("api1");
if (tokenResponse.IsError)
{
Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Error);
return;
}
Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Json);
Console.WriteLine("\n\n");
//设置accesstoken为http请求头,并访问api1
var client = new HttpClient();
client.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);
var response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost:5001/identity");
if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
}
else
{
var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
Console.WriteLine(JArray.Parse(content));
}
}
}
ps:
1.这里默认的accesstoken为jwt格式,客户端访问api时,api只需要在启动的时候访问identity获取秘钥即可。若为referencetoken,客户端访问api时,api需要授权访问的都会再请求一次identityserver,,而且api必须设置秘钥,client设置AccessTokenType属性为Reference。
2.可自定义AccessTokenLifetime(token存活时间),默认是3600秒,即一小时
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